Effect of obesity on lipolytic activity of adipose tissue in male rats

Obesity has become a major problem in the modern world; it is affected genetically and by lifestyle. Since obesity is associated with multi co-morbidities like dyslipidemia, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome, this work studied the effect of induced obesity on body weight, blood pressure, lipid profile, glycemic state and lipolytic activity of adipose tissue in male rats. Twenty male rats of a body weight ranging from 178 to 200 g were divided equally into two groups, one fed commercial rat chow as a control group [Cgp] and the other fed 10% saturated fat to induce obesity as experimental group [SFgp]. After 3 months the body weight, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulin level, and lipid profile of both groups were measured and the lipolytic activity of adipose tissue was assessed by the amount of free glycerol released. Rats fed saturated fat for 3 months showed significant increase in birth weight, systolic blood pressure, TG, Cholesterol, LDL, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels by 55.3%, 15.86% 24%, 7.92%, 19.58% 20.5% and 26.25% respectively with a significant decline in HDL by 12.9%. Lipolytic activity of SC tissue in the presence of adrenaline decreased significantly by 15%, while in the presence of insulin it increased significantly by 33.33%. It showed a significant increase by 18% and 25.84% in the presence of adrenaline and insulin respectively in visceral adipose tissue. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. obesity induced in male rats by high saturated fat diet showed a significant rise in BW and is associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. The adipose tissue of obese male rats showed a significant decrease in lipolytic activity of SC with a significant rise in the corresponding value in visceral adipose tissue

Effect of insulin resistance on lipolytic activity of adipose tissue in male rats

The excess usage of fructose as a sweetener that we all consume everyday in one way or another has raised the incidence of insulin resistance among the population which is associated with dyslipedemia, hypertension and obesity. This work studied the effect of induced insulin resistance on body weight, blood pressure, lipid profile, glycemic state and lipolytic activity of adipose tissue in male rats. 20 male rats of 129.4 g average body weight were divided equally into two groups. Both had free access to water. The control [Cgp] had pure water, the experimental group [Fgp] had water mixed with 25% of fructose to induce insulin resistance. After 3 months the body weight, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulin levels, lipid profile of both groups were measured and lipolytic activity of adipose tissue was assessed by the amount of free glycerol released. Rats given fructose for 3 months showed significant increase in BW, systolic blood pressure, TG, Cholesterol, LDL, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels by 28.7%, 13.9% 23.9%, 3%, 5.61% 115.49% and 232.8% respectively with a significant decline in HDL by 5.98%. Lipolytic activity of SC and visceral adipose tissue in presence of adrenaline increased significantly by 55.25%, and 78.63% respectively, which runs in parallel with the results obtained in presence of insulin as it showed a significant rise in both SC and visceral adipose tissue by 109.3% and 167.12 respectively. data were statistically significant at p<0.05. Insulin resistance induced in male rat by high fructose consumption showed a significant rise in BW and is associated with hypertension and dyslipidemia with significant rise in lipolytic activity of both SC and visceral adipose tissue

Prevalence and outcome of bacterial endocarditis in patients with implantable cardiac device infections

Cardiac device infection [CDI] is a devastating complication of permanent pacemaker [PPM] or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators [ICD]. The incidence and outcome of endocarditis among patients with CDI is not well defined. The aim of this study was to report our experience in the prevalence, clinical presentations, and management of bacterial endocarditis [BE] among patients with CDI in a tertiary care cardiac center over a 25-year period. A total of 2630 cardiac devices implanted in a cohort of 2367 patients over 25 years were studied. Of these, 117 [4.4%] patients presented with CDI. Clinical, bacteriologic and both transthoracic [TTE] and transoesophageal echocardiographic [TEE] assessment were done. Of the 117 patients with CDI [90 males, age range 18-82 yrs, mean = 63 +/- 6 yrs], 87 [74%] had redo procedures [battery replacement in 50, repositioning of leads in 12, device extrusion in 15 or evacuation of significant haematoma in 10 patients]. Of these 87 patients, 65 had -re-implants on the same day of explantation. In 30 patients [26%] no apparent cause of PI was identified. Of the 117 patietns with CDI, 30 patients [26% of CDI and 1.1% of total procedures] had device-related BE with vegetations having appeared in all patients by TEE [15 DDD, 9VVI, 3 CRT and 3 ICD]. The clinical presentations were prolonged fever in 25 patients [83%], significant pulmonary hypertension with thrombo-embolism in 3 patients [10%], severe sepsis and multi-organ failure in 2 patients [6%]. Twenty-eight patients [93%] had positive blood cultures [S aureus in 23 [77%] and enterococci in 5]. There were only 2 patients with negative blood cultures. Device lead vegetations were evident in 20 patients [>10 mm diameter in 13 patients]. Ten patients presented with only right heart valve vegetations. Of the 30 BE patients, 28 [93%] had PI while 2 patients had no apparent cause but frequent intravenous injections [one drug addict and one on regular haemodialysis]. Of the 20 patients with lead endocarditis, 15 had their leads removed surgically with re-implantation of either epicardial [6 patients] or endocardial leads [9 patients]. Fifteen patients had only medical treatment with proper antibiotics [5 patients with lead BE and all 10 patients with valvular BE]. Four patients [13%] died; all had their devices implanted on same day of explanation. Cardiac device redo procedures are major risk factors for CDI, especially with re-implantation on the same day. Device related BE carries a serious morbidity and mortality, yet surgical removal of the whole system in the management of choice. Blood stream bacteraemia is a potential risk factor in patients with cardiac devices and warrants prophylaxis against BE

Peritoneal drainage as definitive therapy in neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis irrespective of wieght and gestational age

To evaluate efficacy of peritoneal drainage[PD] in neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis [NEC] having pneumoperitoneam or peritonitis as a definitive tool of management irrespective of weight and gestational age[GA]. Prospective analysis of 12 cases.This study was conducted in 2 hospital in Taif Saudi Arabia from December2002 to September 2005. All neonates diagnosed as NEC with pneumoperitoneum or peritonitis were included in this study irrespective of weight and GA and peritoneal drainage was performed as a primary tool of management. Pertoneal drainage was performed in 15 patients, but 3 of them were excluded as the cause of pneumoperitonium and peritonitis were other than NEC.Out of 12 neonates 89% improved after PD,only 1[8%] needed surgery.Overall survival was 75%.Main cause of mortality was a second attack of NEC and sepsis. PD is an effective way of treating neonates with NEC irrespective of weight and GA. PD not on ly stabilizez the neonates rather proves to be a definite treatment for the sick premature babies who can not tolerate general anesthesia and surgical stress.Mortality rate is high with second attack of NEC

Noxious stimulation of muscular afferents induced respiratory responses in humans

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of activated nociceptive somatic afferents on the respiratory pattern in humans. Activation of nociceptive afferents were induced by ischemic pain in ten healthy volunteers. The progressively increasing intensity of the ischemic pain caused augmentation in the respiratory activity, displayed by an increase in ventilation [Ve], respiratory frequency [f], tidal volume [Vt], mean inspiratory flow [Vt/Ti], peak [delta IEMG] and rate of rise [delta IEMG/Ti] of integrated electromyographic activity of diaphragm [IEMGdi]. In the light of these data, it is suggested that, respiratory responses to ischemic pain are mediated by activation of both fine myelinated [group III] and unmyelinated [group IV] muscular afferents. The input conveyed by these afferents may constitute an effective stimulus to respiration in humans

Statistical evaluation of complications of conservative of femoral shaft fractures in the growth period

This study included 250 children suffering from femoral shaft fracture admitted to Nelomrinl Hospital Chicago, USA. Their aged ranged from 1-17 years. All cases were subjected to general examination, local examination and measurement of the injured limb, examination of joints and radiological examination. Our results showed that below five years overgrowth is higher and decreases by advance in age. Regarding level of fracture, it was higher at the middle third, the commonest type being the transverse variety. We recommend the conservative management of such fractures

Antimicrobial and phototoxic effect of a substance isolated from water hyacinth

The application of antimicrobial substance, isolated from ethyl ether extract of water hyacinth, to soil inhibited and delayed seed germination and seedling growth of cotton plants. The antimicrobial substance reduced the number of total bacteria, fungi, streptomycetes, azotobacter, N-fixing clostridia, nitrifiers, aerobic cellulose decomposers and phosphate dissolving bacteria in the rhizosphere during the first period of plant growth. The inhibitory effect of such substance on seed germination and rhizosphere microflora disappeared after 20 days from addition to soil. The inhibitory effect of the antimicrobial substance on cotton seedling growth was to some extent influenced by soil type, being more pronounced in sandy soil

Nitrogen fixing capacity of eleven clover cultivars modulated by native rhizobia

Berseem clover, Trifolium alexandrinum, is the main winter forage legume in Egypt. A national breeding and selection program is under way in order to upgrade the productivity of this crop. 11 clover cultivars were evaluated for their N-fixing capacity when nodulated by native rhizobia. 2 cultivars, Giza 2 and Seds 5 gave small nodular tissue, dry matter yield and low nitrogen content. Some other cultivars, Upper Egypt 1 and Giza 52 were distinguished by exhibiting high N-fixation and dry matter yield. The response of different cultivars to N-fertilization was different. However, most of the tested cultivars benefited from N-fixation in the second and third cuts rather than the first cut